111. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) also known as “goat plague”, a viral disease of goats and sheep is caused
by:
1. Morbilli virus
2. Flavi virus
3. Reo virus
4. Astro virus

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR): The Goat Plague and Its Causative Agent

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), commonly known as goat plague, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects goats and sheep. This disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in affected livestock, leading to severe economic losses, especially in regions where goats and sheep are essential for local agriculture and livelihoods.

What is the Cause of PPR?

PPR is caused by the morbilli virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. The morbilli virus is closely related to the viruses responsible for measles in humans and rinderpest in cattle. The virus primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immune systems of infected animals.

Symptoms of PPR

The disease typically presents with the following symptoms:

• High fever

• Nasal discharge

• Diarrhea

• Coughing

• In severe cases, animals may develop pneumonia and enteritis, leading to death if not properly treated.

Transmission and Spread

PPR is highly contagious and spreads rapidly through direct contact between infected and healthy animals. It can also be transmitted via respiratory droplets or through contaminated feed and water. The virus has a high mortality rate in susceptible populations, particularly in young animals.

Control and Prevention

Efforts to control and prevent PPR include:

• Vaccination: The development of vaccines for PPR has been a significant step in reducing the spread of the disease. Vaccination campaigns have helped protect vulnerable populations.

• Surveillance: Monitoring and reporting outbreaks are essential for controlling the disease and preventing its spread.

• Biosecurity measures: Quarantining infected animals and implementing strict hygiene practices can help prevent the introduction and spread of PPR.

Global Impact of PPR

PPR is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The disease has a significant impact on rural livelihoods, especially in regions where goats and sheep are a primary source of food, income, and livelihood. Due to its devastating effects, PPR has been targeted for eradication by organizations like the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Conclusion

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), or goat plague, is caused by the morbilli virus. This disease poses a significant threat to goats and sheep, causing high morbidity and mortality. Control measures, including vaccination and surveillance, have been critical in managing outbreaks, and efforts are ongoing to eradicate this disease globally.

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