18. Shape A can be mapped onto shape B by
[Figure needed]
a. translation and rotation
b. rotation and scale transformation
c. reflection and scale transformation
d. reflection, scale transformation and translation
Without the figure, the exact answer depends on shape positions, sizes, and orientations, but such questions typically test combined geometric transformations where rigid motions (translation, rotation, reflection) preserve size while scale changes it. Shape A maps onto B through a sequence matching their congruence or similarity. Common exam patterns favor option (d) reflection, scale transformation, and translation for flipped, resized, shifted images.
Option Analysis
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(a) Translation and rotation: Correct if shapes are congruent (same size/shape), just slid and turned. Fails if B is flipped or resized, as these rigid transformations preserve orientation and scale.
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(b) Rotation and scale transformation: Applies if B is same orientation but enlarged/shrunk and rotated. Incorrect for translations (position shifts) or reflections (mirror flips).
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(c) Reflection and scale transformation: Matches if B is mirrored and resized but not rotated or translated. Misses pure shifts needed for position changes.
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(d) Reflection, scale transformation and translation: Most comprehensive; handles flip, resize, and slide. Often correct in exams for non-congruent mappings requiring all three.
Shape A mapped onto shape B transformation translation rotation reflection scale questions appear in CSIR NET quantitative aptitude to distinguish rigid (size-preserving) from similarity transformations. Practice identifies minimal combinations via overlay tests: match vertices sequentially to eliminate options lacking reflection (for chirality) or scale (for size mismatch).
