Q.11 Match the entries in Group I with the entries in Group II
| Group I | Group II |
|---|---|
| P) Epilepsy | 1) Degeneration of neurons in cerebral cortex |
| Q) Alzheimer’s disease | 2) Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons |
| R) Parkinson’s disease | 3) Decreased production of acetylcholine |
| S) Huntington’s disease | 4) Defect in electric discharge in the neurons |
Correct matching is: P‑4, Q‑3, R‑2, S‑1, so the right option is (B).
Introduction
Neurology MCQs often ask students to match major brain disorders with their characteristic neuronal changes, because these pairings summarise essential pathophysiology tested in medical and life‑science entrance exams.
This question on epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease checks whether you know which condition is associated with abnormal electric discharges, reduced acetylcholine, loss of dopamine neurons and cortical degeneration.
Step‑by‑step matching of Group I and Group II
P) Epilepsy
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Epileptic seizures arise from abnormal, excessive and synchronous electrical discharges in groups of neurons, reflecting disturbed neuronal excitability and firing.
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Therefore epilepsy matches statement 4) Defect in electric discharge in the neurons, giving P‑4.
Q) Alzheimer’s disease
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Alzheimer’s disease shows an early and prominent loss of cholinergic neurons with decreased acetylcholine levels and function in brain regions responsible for memory and learning.
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Hence Alzheimer’s disease is best matched with 3) Decreased production of acetylcholine, giving Q‑3.
R) Parkinson’s disease
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Parkinson’s disease is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopamine‑releasing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, reducing dopaminergic input to the striatum.
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This directly corresponds to 2) Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons, so R‑2.
S) Huntington’s disease
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Huntington’s disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder with severe neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and striatum, contributing to motor and cognitive decline.
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Thus Huntington’s disease matches 1) Degeneration of neurons in cerebral cortex, giving S‑1.
So the complete correct pattern is:
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P‑4, Q‑3, R‑2, S‑1 → Option (B).
Why each option (A–D) is right or wrong
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Option (A): P‑3, Q‑2, R‑4, S‑1 – Incorrect
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P‑3 wrongly links epilepsy with decreased acetylcholine instead of abnormal electric discharges.
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Q‑2 wrongly assigns degeneration of dopamine neurons to Alzheimer’s disease rather than Parkinson’s disease.
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R‑4 incorrectly connects Parkinson’s disease to electric discharge defects rather than dopaminergic degeneration.
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S‑1 is correct for Huntington’s, but the other mismatches make the whole option wrong.
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Option (B): P‑4, Q‑3, R‑2, S‑1 – Correct
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Every disorder is paired with its hallmark neuronal abnormality: epilepsy with defective electric discharges, Alzheimer’s with reduced acetylcholine, Parkinson’s with dopaminergic neuron loss, and Huntington’s with cortical neuron degeneration.
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Option (C): P‑4, Q‑1, R‑2, S‑3 – Incorrect
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P‑4 and R‑2 are correct, but Q‑1 wrongly gives cortical degeneration as the primary feature of Alzheimer’s instead of decreased acetylcholine.
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S‑3 incorrectly links Huntington’s disease to decreased acetylcholine rather than cortical and striatal neuronal loss.
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Option (D): P‑1, Q‑3, R‑4, S‑2 – Incorrect
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Q‑3 is correct, but P‑1 wrongly assigns cortical degeneration to epilepsy instead of discharge abnormalities.
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R‑4 misattributes electric discharge defects to Parkinson’s disease, and S‑2 incorrectly connects Huntington’s disease with dopaminergic neuron loss.
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This pattern‑recognition approach to Group I–Group II matching helps quickly solve similar neurodegeneration and epilepsy MCQs in competitive examinations.
