1. Bangalore’s latitude is roughly 13˚N. At noon, on one day during which months would a vertical object cast no shadow? a. June and Dec b. Apr and Aug c. […]
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Ciliary Motion and Viscous Friction
Many organisms use cilia to move inside fluids. Which of the following statements is true for ciliary motion? The viscous friction coefficient for the motion of a cilium parallel to […]
Determining Gene Order from Crossing Over Percentages
There are three genes a, b, and c. Percentage of crossing over between a and b is 20%, b and c is 28% and a and c is 8%. What […]
Stochastic Gene Expression in E. coli
E. coli was engineered to express two different fluorescent proteins (GFP and RFP) under identical promoters. The strain is engineered such that the two proteins are expressed at a 1:1 […]
Reciprocal Altruism in Animals
Co-operation, including seemingly altruistic behaviours can be advantageous when there is Reciprocity. This theory of reciprocal altruism provides one explanation for cases of seemingly altruistic behaviour by various animals (for […]
Self‑Healing Concrete with Bacillus Bacteria
Over time, cracks and damage occur in concrete. One way to repair this is by introducing microbes into concrete during the building process. These would heal the concrete if cracks […]
Chordate Affinities of Acorn Worms
Acorn worms have been extensively studied as a way to understand the evolution of the chordates. Which of the following features is a distinct chordate affinity found in acorn worms. […]
Why Mountain Top Species Are More Prone to Extinction Due to Climate Warming
Species that live on mountain tops are more prone to extinction due to climatic warming. This is because: They are all long-lived, and adapting to these changes in climate is […]
Martian Genetic Code
On an expedition to Mars, the newest rovers discover microbial life. Yay! On further probing, scientists discover that Martian microbes also use DNA, RNA, and proteins. Researchers changed one nucleotide […]
Loss of 3’→5’ Exonuclease Activity in Replicative DNA Polymerase
An altered form of a replicative DNA polymerase lacks 3’→ 5’ exonuclease activity. This alteration would most likely result in which of the following? A decrease in processivity An increased […]


