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8. When a B-cell undergoes immunoglobulin class switching a. the variable region of the light chain changes, its constant region stays the same b. the variable region of the light […]

7. You are doing a conjugation experiment with two strains of bacteria. The F+ strain is bio+ leu+ pro+ lac+. The F- strain is bio- leu- pro- lac- Str+ (resistant […]

6. A mutation in the 3’ un-translated region of an mRNA has a strong phenotype. The phenotype could be because: a. The mRNA fails to be transcribed b. The mRNA […]

5. Parietal cells of the stomach release hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid in digestion. Why are parietal cells themselves not digested by HCl? a. They contain inhibitory enzymes that inactivate […]

4. When performing X-ray crystallography to determine protein structure, the scattering of x-rays from the protein crystal is primarily due to: a. amino acids b. Carbon atoms c. electrons d. […]

3. You discover a simple microbe which has a minimal genome. It only has 30 genes for basic metabolism, 20 genes for the ribosome, and 20 genes for DNA and […]

2. The α-helix in proteins is formed due to a. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds b. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds c. van der Waals interactions between amino acids d. Ionic interactions α-Helix Formation […]

1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are: a. disease-causing mutations in the human genome b. an example of standing genetic variation in the human population c. errors during genome sequencing d. […]

15. In the reaction shown below, in the nitrating mixture HNO3 act as a: a. acid b. base c. catalyst d. reducing agent In the nitrating mixture used for nitration […]

14. If the organic reactant in a Wurtz reaction mixture (RX and sodium) has n C-C bonds, the hydrocarbon product will have how many C-C bonds? a. n/2 b. n-1 […]