Q.29 Which of the following cell organelle(s) is/are surrounded by a single
phospholipid membrane?
(A) Golgi apparatus
(B) Lysosome
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Nucleus
Lysosomes are the cell organelle surrounded by a single phospholipid membrane among the given options. This structure helps them function as the cell’s digestive system by containing hydrolytic enzymes safely isolated from the cytoplasm.
Correct Answer
(B) Lysosome
Option Breakdown
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Golgi apparatus: Consists of stacked cisternae, each enclosed by a single membrane, but the organelle as a whole features multiple such membranes rather than a singular enclosing one.
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Lysosome: Bounded by a single phospholipid bilayer that sequesters powerful digestive enzymes, preventing damage to other cellular components.
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Mitochondria: Possesses a double membrane—an outer porous layer and an inner folded cristae membrane for ATP production.
-
Nucleus: Enveloped by a double nuclear membrane perforated with pores for material exchange between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
Biological Relevance
Single-membrane organelles like lysosomes enable targeted degradation of waste, pathogens, and damaged parts, maintaining cellular homeostasis. In contrast, double-membrane structures such as mitochondria and nuclei support specialized functions like energy generation and genetic control. Understanding these distinctions is key for exams in cell biology and biochemistry.
