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TIFR Previous Year Question Papers 2024 Biology With Answer Key Download

Mitochondrial F-Type ATPase

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December 9, 2025
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12. The mitochondrial F-Type ATPase is a remarkable protein machine in which a subunit rotates during H+ transport, and 1 ATP is generated for 120 degrees of revolution. ATP hydrolysis […]

11. Researchers passaged three different strains of E. coli (black squares = WT, red circles and blue triangles = mutants) for several days, gradually increasing concentration of the antibiotic cefotaxime (CTX) (n=96 replicate populations per strain). Some populations went extinct during the experiment. The plots below show the number of surviving populations of each strain (y axis) as a function of antibiotic concentration (x axis). Panel A shows data for strains carrying one copy of the beta lactamase gene, and panel B shows data for strains carrying multiple copies of this gene. Given these results, which statement is incorrect? a. 0.25 mg/L CTX is sufficient to kill half the WT bacteria b. Adaptation to CTX is enhanced by the beta-lactamase gene c. Copy number of beta-lactamase changes the probability of extinction d. Beta lactamase is not the only factor affecting population survival

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Role of β‑Lactamase Gene Copy Number in E. coli Adaptation to Cefotaxime

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December 9, 2025
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11. Researchers passaged three different strains of E. coli (black squares = WT, red circles and blue triangles = mutants) for several days, gradually increasing concentration of the antibiotic cefotaxime […]

10. Rich fishing grounds (that is those that have high species diversity and population), such as those found in Northern Japan or around Iceland, occur where cold and warm ocean currents mix. This is because: a. Upwelling of cold currents bringing nutrients to the surface supporting phytoplankton blooms, providing food for many fish. b. Warm currents bring nutrients from river run-offs. Cold currents carry fish. Eddies set up where the currents mix form marine habitats for many fish c. Cold water sinks, leaving warmer water closer to the surface allowing algae to bloom. d. Ocean currents act as highways for many fish species, where two or more currents meet one would expect increased marine life.

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Why Rich Fishing Grounds Form Where Cold and Warm Ocean Currents Mix

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December 9, 2025
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10. Rich fishing grounds (that is those that have high species diversity and population), such as those found in Northern Japan or around Iceland, occur where cold and warm ocean […]

9. You are carrying out an enzyme reaction in the lab and obtain Km and Vmax values. While repeating the experiment, you use only 1/10th of the enzyme. What would you observe? a. You would get the same result because enzyme is the same and hence properties are unchanged b. Vmax would change but Km remains the same c. Vmax would remain same and Km would be 1/10th of the original value d. Both Vmax and Km would decrease

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Effect of Enzyme Concentration

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December 9, 2025
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9. You are carrying out an enzyme reaction in the lab and obtain Km and Vmax values. While repeating the experiment, you use only 1/10th of the enzyme. What would […]

8. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the increase in molecular weight of proteins due to each of these post-translational modifications? a. Methylation

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Protein Molecular Weight Increase by Post-Translational Modifications

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December 9, 2025
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8. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the increase in molecular weight of proteins due to each of these post-translational modifications? a. Methylation<Acetylation<Phosphorylation<Myristoylation b. Methylation<Acetylation<Myristoylation<Phosphorylation c. Myristoylation<Phosphoryalation<Acetylation<Methylation d. […]

7. Which of the following techniques cannot be used to quantify affinity between an enzyme and its peptide substrate? a. X-ray crystallography b. Isothermal calorimetry c. Surface plasmon resonance d. Fluorescence anisotropy

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Techniques to Quantify Enzyme-Peptide Substrate Affinity

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December 9, 2025
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7. Which of the following techniques cannot be used to quantify affinity between an enzyme and its peptide substrate? a. X-ray crystallography b. Isothermal calorimetry c. Surface plasmon resonance d. […]

6. In our body skin cells and muscle cells share the same DNA. Which of the following is true a. Although they share the same DNA, both have a different genetic code so the proteins expressed are different. b. The statement is incorrect, they are different tissues so there is a difference in their DNA. c. The statement is true, they differ though in the genes they transcribe and translate. d. The statement is true, the skin cells and muscle cells differ in how many copies of DNA they have.

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Why Skin Cells and Muscle Cells Share DNA But Differ

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December 9, 2025
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6. In our body skin cells and muscle cells share the same DNA. Which of the following is true a. Although they share the same DNA, both have a different […]

5. Despite the large number of unique mutations described in the LDL-R gene that cause familial hypercholesterolemia, certain mutations are found in high frequency in specific populations, e.g., the 9.5 kb 3' deletion is found in 35% of Finnish patients. This is an example of: a. Variable expressivity b. Allelic heterogeneity c. Founder effect d. Locus heterogeneity

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Founder Effect Familial Hypercholesterolemia

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December 9, 2025
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5. Despite the large number of unique mutations described in the LDL-R gene that cause familial hypercholesterolemia, certain mutations are found in high frequency in specific populations, e.g., the 9.5 […]

4. How does an adaptation, such as better running speed, evolve with natural selection? a. Natural selection directionally produces better adaptation over time, gradually leading to better running speed. b. Natural selection makes individuals with favourable traits such as better running speed more attractive, ensuring they produce more offspring c. Natural selection involves random mutations, some of which are beneficial adaptations. Heritable beneficial adaptations lead to offspring with higher survival. d. Natural selection produces individuals with favourable traits, such as better running speed, who survive better. Individuals with unfavourable traits do not survive, ensuring that all individuals in future populations have better running speeds.

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Natural Selection Adaptation Evolution

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December 9, 2025
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4. How does an adaptation, such as better running speed, evolve with natural selection? a. Natural selection directionally produces better adaptation over time, gradually leading to better running speed. b. […]