In some species of new world monkeys, only one female reproduces in a group. One or more younger females have suppressed reproduction and assist the reproductive female. This is an […]
Tag: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Brain
Tag: CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions and Solution on Brain
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Kin Selection in Honey Bees: Why Worker Bees Help the Queen Reproduce
Worker bees, instead of themselves reproducing, help the queen reproduce. This behaviour is explained as an example of (1) kin selection (2) group selection (3) sexual selection (4) natural selection […]
Hamilton’s Rule and Altruism: How Much Benefit Justifies Uncle-to-Nephew Care?
The genetic relatedness (r) of an individual to his nephew is 0.25. The alleles that cause uncles to care for nephews will spread, according to Hamilton’s Rule, only if the […]
How Honey Bees Maintain Genetic Variation Among Workers: The Secrets Behind Hive Diversity
Honey bee keep variations among the workers by (1) Matting with males many times (2) Parthenogenesis (3) Utilizing different environment conditions (4) Extensive recombination during oogenesis The Genetic Basis […]
How to Calculate Inclusive Fitness: A Practical Example Using Offspring and Indirect Kin Benefits
Inclusive fitness of an animal can be measured as a sum of direct fitness and indirect fitness. Imagine you have 10 off springs. Through diligent parental care, 5 survive to […]
Hamilton’s Rule in Family Altruism: When Should You Help a Relative?
Assume that individual A wants to do an altruistic act to individual B and that benefit and cost of doing this act are, in ‘fitness’ units, 40 and 12, respectively. […]
Hamilton’s Rule in Practice: How Genetic Relatedness Shapes Altruism Toward Family Members
38. For an individual A to help his relative B or C, the fitness benefits and costs are 50 and 20 units, respectively. However, following Hamilton’s Rule, A should help […]
Hamilton’s Rule in Action: When Should Altruism Be Directed Toward Relatives?
Assume that in terms of ‘genetic fitness’ the ‘benefit’ of performing an altruistic act to a relative is 500 units and the ‘cost’ involved is 150 units. Following Hamilton’s Rule […]
Genetic Relatedness: Comparing Offspring-Parent and Sibling Relationships
The degree of genetic relatedness between the offspring and their parents is (1) higher than that between sister and brother. (2) lower than that between sister and brother. (3) the […]
Hamilton’s Rule and Altruism: When Should Half-Siblings Help Each Other?
Brothers A and B have the same father but different mothers. B wants A to help him, which involves both benefits (b) and costs (c) for A. If A incurs […]


