Q47.Match List I with List II
List-I (Name of Scientists)
A. Avery, Macleod and McCarty
B. Edward Jenner
C. Erwin Chargaff
D. Seymour Benzer
List-II (Discoveries)
I. Complementation analysis
II. Law of equivalence of bases
III. Chemical basis of heredity
IV. Vaccine
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(B) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
(C) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(D) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
The correct answer is option (D): A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I. This accurately matches each scientist from List-I to their landmark contribution in molecular biology and immunology from List-II.
Scientist-Discovery Matches
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A. Avery, Macleod and McCarty → III. Chemical basis of heredity: Their 1944 experiment purified DNA from virulent pneumococcus, showing it transformed non-virulent strains—proving DNA as the genetic material, not protein.
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B. Edward Jenner → IV. Vaccine: In 1796, Jenner inoculated James Phipps with cowpox pus, conferring smallpox immunity—the first vaccine, launching immunology.
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C. Erwin Chargaff → II. Law of equivalence of bases: Chargaff’s rules (1949): [A]=[T], [G]=[C] in DNA, providing key evidence for Watson-Crick base pairing.
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D. Seymour Benzer → I. Complementation analysis: Benzer’s T4 phage rII mapping (1950s) demonstrated fine-structure genetics, where mutations in different cistrons failed to complement.
Option Analysis
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(A) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III: Incorrect. Avery et al. proved DNA’s role (III), not vaccines; Jenner created vaccines (IV), not complementation.
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(B) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III: Incorrect. Avery team established DNA heredity (III); Chargaff did base equivalence (II), not vaccines.
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(C) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I: Incorrect. Jenner invented vaccines (IV); Avery proved chemical heredity (III).
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(D) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I: Correct, matching each scientist’s seminal discovery precisely.
Avery Macleod McCarty, Edward Jenner, Erwin Chargaff, and Seymour Benzer define match List I with List II scientists discoveries in NEET molecular biology. This guide links chemical basis of heredity (DNA transformation), vaccine (smallpox), law of equivalence of bases (Chargaff rules), and complementation analysis (T4 phage).
Milestone Discoveries Decoded
Avery, Macleod, McCarty (1944) established the chemical basis of heredity—purified DNA transformed R→S pneumococcus, settling DNA vs. protein debate. Edward Jenner (1796) pioneered the vaccine with cowpox→smallpox cross-protection. Erwin Chargaff discovered law of equivalence of bases: A=T, G=C ratios enabling double helix model. Seymour Benzer invented complementation analysis mapping rII mutations, proving gene = cistron.
Why Option (D) Perfectly Matches
Option (D) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I captures match List I with List II scientists discoveries chronology: Avery (1944 DNA), Jenner (1796 vaccine), Chargaff (1949 rules), Benzer (1955 fine structure).
Exam essential: Avery refuted protein hypothesis; Chargaff ratios predicted base pairing; Benzer proved colinearity.
