Hepatitis B is caused by a
1. fungal infection
2. viral infection
3. protozoan infection
4. bacterial infection

What Is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It ranges in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks (acute) to a serious, lifelong condition (chronic) that can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.

Cause: A Viral Infection

Unlike fungal, bacterial, or protozoan infections, Hepatitis B is caused by a virus, specifically a DNA virus from the Hepadnaviridae family. HBV primarily infects liver cells (hepatocytes) and replicates in them, triggering an immune response that causes inflammation.

Modes of Transmission

Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids, such as:

• Unprotected sex

• Sharing needles or syringes

• Mother-to-child transmission at birth

• Contaminated medical equipment

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

Symptoms may vary depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic:

Acute Hepatitis B (Short-term)

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

• Nausea and vomiting

• Dark urine

Chronic Hepatitis B (Long-term)

• Often asymptomatic for years

• Can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver cancer

Prevention and Vaccination

The best way to prevent Hepatitis B is through vaccination. The Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective and recommended for:

• Infants at birth

• Healthcare workers

• People at high risk of infection

Conclusion

Hepatitis B is clearly a viral infection, not caused by fungi, protozoa, or bacteria. Understanding its viral nature is crucial for proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.