Q.No. 38

Match sub-cellular organelles listed in Group I with their features listed in Group II:

Options:

1. P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3
2. P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
3. P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
4. P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

Correct Answer

Option (C): P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1

Introduction

Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound organelles,
each with unique structures and evolutionary origins.
This article helps match organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts,
nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum with their defining features.

Match Explanations

P. Mitochondrion → 3. Maternal Inheritance

Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited primarily from
the mother because sperm mitochondria are usually destroyed after fertilization.
This makes maternal inheritance a distinct feature of mitochondria.

Q. Chloroplast → 4. Endosymbiotic Origin

Chloroplasts originated through endosymbiosis when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a
photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Evidence includes circular DNA, bacterial-type
ribosomes, and replication similar to bacterial division.

R. Nucleus → 2. Double-Membrane Enclosed

The nucleus is surrounded by a double lipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope.
It contains nuclear pores for transport and separates genetic material from
the cytoplasm. This makes it a double-membraned organelle.

S. Endoplasmic Reticulum → 1. Single-Membrane Enclosed

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single-membrane organelle that forms
a continuous network of tubules and sacs. It is connected to the outer
nuclear membrane and plays a central role in lipid synthesis and protein processing.

Final Matching Table

Conclusion

Cell organelles can be identified based on their membrane structure,
inheritance patterns, and evolutionary origins. Understanding these
features builds a strong foundation in cell biology and helps solve
structure-based multiple-choice questions successfully.