What Is In-Situ Conservation?

In-situ conservation refers to the protection of species within their natural habitats. This approach allows plants and animals to evolve, adapt, and interact with their environment as they would in the wild. In-situ conservation maintains the integrity of entire ecosystems and supports the ongoing natural processes vital for species survival.

Examples of In-Situ Conservation

• Biosphere Reserves: Large protected areas that conserve biological diversity, promote research, and support sustainable development within and around their boundaries. They include core, buffer, and transition zones to balance conservation and human activity123456.

• National Parks: Strictly protected areas where human interference is minimal, focusing on preserving natural ecosystems and wildlife.

• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Areas set aside for the protection of animal species, sometimes allowing regulated human activity.

These areas are specifically designed to conserve genetic biodiversity by keeping species in their original, natural environments.

What Is Ex-Situ Conservation?

Ex-situ conservation involves the preservation of species outside their natural habitats. This approach is used when in-situ conservation is not possible, such as when species are critically endangered or their habitats are severely threatened.

Examples of Ex-Situ Conservation

• Zoological Gardens (Zoos): Facilities where animals are kept in captivity for breeding, research, and education.

• Botanical Gardens: Places where plants are cultivated and preserved outside their natural habitats.

• Gene Banks: Facilities that store genetic material like seeds or tissue for future use and research37.

The Correct In-Situ Conservation Method

Among the options provided:

• Biosphere reserve is an in-situ conservation method, as it protects species within their natural habitat123456.

• Zoological garden, botanical garden, and gene banks are ex-situ conservation methods, as they involve maintaining species outside their natural environments1367.

Why Biosphere Reserves Matter

Biosphere reserves play a vital role in preserving not just individual species, but entire ecosystems. They support ongoing evolutionary processes, maintain ecological balance, and provide a natural laboratory for scientific research and sustainable development.

Conclusion: The Correct Answer

Biosphere reserve is an in-situ conservation method.

Correct answer:
(1) Biosphere reserve