Determination of the molecular weight by molecular exclusion chromatography

A protein was purified to homogeneity. Determination of the molecular weight by molecular exclusion chromatography yields 60 kd. Chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea yields a 30-kd species. When the chromatography is repeated in the presence of 6 M urea and 10 mM b-mercaptoethanol, a single molecular species of 15 kd results. Which of the following statement is most likely to be correct?

(a) Protein is di mer which has dissociated in presence of 6 M urea and it was further fragmented in 15 kd on treatment with p-mercaptoethanol
(b) Chromatography in presence of b-mercaptoethanol is most appropriate for validating the mass of nascent protein
(c) Protein is tetramer each unit of 60 kd which fragmented into different mass peptides on vigorous treatment with urea and b-mercaptoethanol
(d) The original 60 kd proteins made up of two 30 kd subunits associated with non-covalent interaction, when these each subunit where subsequently treated with urea and b-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kd suggesting that disulphide bonds links these 30 kd subunits.

Correct Answer:

(d) The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

Explanation:

This experiment involves molecular exclusion chromatography (size-exclusion chromatography) in different conditions to determine the quaternary structure of the protein and its subunit interactions. Let’s analyze the given data step by step:

Step 1: Molecular Exclusion Chromatography (Native Conditions)

  • The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 60 kDa, indicating that it exists as a single functional unit under native conditions.

Step 2: Chromatography in 6 M Urea (Denaturing Conditions)

  • In the presence of 6 M urea, the protein appears as 30 kDa species.
  • Urea disrupts non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
  • This suggests that the 60 kDa protein is a dimer composed of two 30 kDa subunits held together by non-covalent interactions.

Step 3: Chromatography in 6 M Urea + 10 mM β-Mercaptoethanol

  • When β-mercaptoethanol (BME) is added along with 6 M urea, the 30 kDa species further splits into 15 kDa species.
  • β-mercaptoethanol reduces disulfide bonds, breaking covalent linkages.
  • This suggests that each 30 kDa subunit is composed of two 15 kDa polypeptides linked by disulfide bonds.

Final Interpretation:

  • The original 60 kDa protein is a dimer of 30 kDa subunits, held together by non-covalent interactions.
  • Each 30 kDa subunit consists of two 15 kDa polypeptides, connected by disulfide bonds.
  • The presence of urea alone dissociates the dimer into 30 kDa monomers, but full reduction with β-mercaptoethanol further breaks disulfide bonds, yielding 15 kDa fragments.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

  • (a) Incorrect: The 30 kDa subunit was not further fragmented; rather, disulfide bonds within it were reduced to reveal two 15 kDa polypeptides.
  • (b) Incorrect: β-mercaptoethanol alone does not reveal the native protein’s mass, because it only breaks disulfide bonds, whereas molecular weight determination under native conditions provides the true oligomeric state.
  • (c) Incorrect: The protein is not a tetramer of 60 kDa each, as the experimental data clearly show a dimeric structure leading to 30 kDa and then 15 kDa subunits.

Conclusion:

The most likely structure of the original protein is a dimer of 30 kDa subunits, with each subunit consisting of two 15 kDa polypeptides linked by disulfide bonds. This matches option (d) as the correct choice.

50 Comments
  • Arushi
    April 1, 2025

    👍✔️

  • Prami Masih
    April 9, 2025

    👍👍

  • Gaurav
    August 13, 2025

    Beta mercapto ethanol ,urea denatures the protein

  • Santosh Saini
    August 14, 2025

    60 kda Original protein is dimer st. Of 30 kda sub unit , urea and beta mercapto ethanol denature the protein so option 4th is correct

  • Karishma Don
    August 14, 2025

    By MEC the mol. weight of the purified protein is 60kd which further repeated in same process but under 6 M urea and see 30kd so till here we know the protein is a dimer of 30kd and again process repeated but now in presence of 10 millimolar beta mercaptoethanol and 6 M urea and got 15kd, we know that this beta thing denatures the protein or unfolds it so the 30kda consists of 2 subunits of 15kd

  • Khushi Singh
    August 14, 2025

    Done

  • Savita Garwa
    August 14, 2025

    D answer correct Beta mercapto ethanol ,urea denatures the protein

  • Ekta yadav
    August 14, 2025

    Beta mercapto ethanol denature protein

  • Parul Yadav
    August 14, 2025

    Urea denatures proteins by disrupting non-covalent interactions and beta- mercaptoethanol further denatures proteins by reducing di sulphide bonds.

  • Neelam Sharma
    August 15, 2025

    The original 60 kd proteins made up of two 30 kd subunits associated with non-covalent interaction, when these each subunit where subsequently treated with urea and b-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kd suggesting that disulphide bonds links these 30 kd subunits.

    • Anil Choudhary
      August 24, 2025

      D answer correct Beta mercapto ethanol

  • Manisha gujar
    August 17, 2025

    Option d is correct urea and b mercaptethanol. Denature protein subunit

  • Manisha gujar
    August 17, 2025

    Option d is correct

  • Manisha gujar
    August 17, 2025

    Option d is right

  • Manisha gujar
    August 17, 2025

    Urea denature the original protein into 2 subunit and b mercaptethanol divide into 4 subunit

  • Aafreen
    August 17, 2025

    D is the correct answer

  • Sneha
    August 17, 2025

    Right answer is D

  • Neeraj Sharma
    August 17, 2025

    Urea alone will only break non covalent bonding hence the two subunits which is attached by non covalent bonding will disassociate and show 30kd where as when beta markeptoethanol is also added it will break the disulphide bonding which results into 15kd

  • Sheikh Aleen
    August 21, 2025

    Option d is correct

  • Bhavana kankhedia
    August 24, 2025

    the original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non- covalent interactions. when each subunit is treated with urea and b mercaptoethanol , a singal band of 15 kDa appears , suggesting that the disulfied bonds like the 30 kDa subunits.

  • Bharti Yadav
    August 24, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

  • MOHIT AKHAND
    August 24, 2025

    Done sir 👍🏻

  • Priyanka Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    Option d was right answer,this explanation
    this experiment involves molecular exclusion chromatography (size-exclusion chromatography) in different conditions to determine the quaternary structure of the protein and its subunit interactions. Let’s analyze the given data step by step

  • Priya dhakad
    August 24, 2025

    Option d is correct The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

  • Anil Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    D answer correct Beta mercapto ethanol

  • Bhavana kankhedia
    August 24, 2025

    option d is correct

  • Anjali
    August 24, 2025

    Option d is correct answer

  • Sonam Saini
    August 24, 2025

    Option d is right

  • Sakshi
    August 24, 2025

    Option d is correct

  • Falguni Prakash
    August 24, 2025

    D

  • Varsha Tatla
    August 24, 2025

    4th option is correct combination

  • Kashish yadav
    August 25, 2025

    Done sir

  • Ayush Dubey
    August 25, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

  • Patel Radha
    August 27, 2025

    Done

  • Neelam Sharma
    August 30, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits

  • Shriyanshi verma
    August 30, 2025

    Beta mercapto ethanol ,urea denatures the protein

  • Swati Choudhary
    August 30, 2025

    understood sir..

  • Meera Gurjar
    August 30, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits

  • Gayatri Nama
    August 30, 2025

    The original 60 kDa Protein is dimer of 30 kDa subunits,held together by non covalent interactions .
    Each 30 kDa subunit consists of two 15 kDa polypeptides ,connted by disulfide bonds .
    The presence of urea alone dissociates the dimer into 30 kDa monomers,but full reduction with B-mercaptoethanol further breaks disulfide bonds,yeiding 15 KDa fragments.

  • Anisha jakhar
    August 31, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

  • Shobha Kanwar
    August 31, 2025

    Option d is correct urea and b mercaptethanol. Denature protein subunit

  • Anisha jakhar
    September 1, 2025

    D is the correct option

  • Aakansha sharma Sharma
    September 1, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits

  • Muskan Yadav
    September 3, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits

  • Komal Sharma
    September 4, 2025

    The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits.

  • Soniya Shekhawat
    September 6, 2025

    Option d is correct because beta mercaptoethanol and urea both are denature the protein.

  • Kirti Agarwal
    September 8, 2025

    Opt d

  • Mitali saini
    September 9, 2025

    Option d

  • Aakansha sharma Sharma
    October 1, 2025

    (d) The original 60 kDa protein is made up of two 30 kDa subunits associated via non-covalent interactions. When each subunit is treated with urea and β-mercaptoethanol, a single band of 15 kDa appears, suggesting that disulfide bonds link the 30 kDa subunits

  • Harish Kumar
    November 18, 2025

    Option D is correct uriya and beta mercapto ethanol donon protein ko denature karte Hain

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