VEGF-A, TWIST, and Cyclin D1 as Markers of Highly Metastatic Cancer Cells

Discover the fundamental properties of enzymes, including substrate complex formation, activation energy reduction, and reaction rate enhancement. Learn why enzymes do not decrease Gibbs free energy and how they function as biological catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Properties of Enzymes: Understanding What Enzymes Can and Cannot Do in Catalysis

Which One Is NOT a Vasoconstrictor? Prostacyclin, Thromboxane A2, Angiotensin-II, or Endothelin-1?

Understanding Loudness and Pitch in Sound Waves: Amplitude, Frequency, and Voice Pitch Differences

Why Are Red Blood Cells Larger in Venous Blood than Arterial Blood? Understanding the Mechanism Behind RBC Size Variation

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Deficiency of Ca++ will inhibit- (1) Coagulation of blood (2) Absorption of glucose by intestine (3) Nerve conduction (4) Low glomerular filtration rate

 “Understanding Calcium Deficiency: How Ca++ Shortage Inhibits Blood Coagulation and Impacts Body Functions”

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Calculation of Protein Concentration Using the Biuret Assay

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CSIR NET Life Science Previous Year Questions And Answers Free PDF Download

Given below are some examples of biological rhythms in humans: (a) REM and non-REM sleep cycle (b) Menstrual cycle (c) Sleep-wake cycle Which one of the following is a correct representation of the type of biological rhythms given above? (1) (a) Ultradian cycle; (b) Infradian cycle; (c) Circadian cycle (2) (a) Circadian cycle; (b) Ultradian cycle; (c) Infradian cycle (3) (a) Infradian cycle; (b) Ultradian cycle; (c) Circadian cycle (4) (a) Infradian cycle; (b) Circadian cycle; (c) Ultradian cycle

 10 Proven Strategies to Boost Your Website Traffic in 2025

A particular behavioural variant affects fitness of an organism. The relationship between the frequency of the variant in the population and fitness are plotted below. In which of these cases is the behavioural variant most likely to reach a frequency of 1? (1) only b (2) only c (3) b and d (4) a and d

When Does a Behavioral Variant Reach Fixation? Understanding Fitness and Frequency in Population Genetics

81. In order to study evolutionary relatedness between two given individuals, homology and analogy are considered. By this study we may observe the following possible information: A. Presence of homologous structures indicate adaptive radiation. B. Presence of analogous structure indicate convergent evolution. C. Homology also refers to divergent evolution. D. Analogous structures develop due to the fact that different unrelated groups of organism evolved under similar environmental conditions. Which of the above possibilities correctly explain the evolutionary process? (1) A, C and D (2) A and B (3) B, C and D (4) A, B, C and D

Homology and Analogy: Decoding Evolutionary Relationships and Processes

The Molecular Clock Hypothesis: How Neutral Evolution Shapes Phylogenetic Relationships

Which one of the following statements is correct with reference to ecotones? (1) Ecotones are rich in endemic species and only contain species not found in surrounding ecosystems. (2) Ecotones refer to areas that are under habitat degradation and contain endangered species that are not found in the neighbouring communities. (3) Ecotones are species poor habitats due to scarcity of soil nutrients and availability of resources. (4) Ecotones are transition areas between two ecosystems and have greater number of species than either of the neighboring communities.

Ecotones: Transition Zones with High Species Diversity

Which of the following is NOT semelparous? (1) Dracena (2) Bamboo (3) Cicada (4) Mayfly

Which Is NOT Semelparous? Comparing Dracaena, Bamboo, Cicada, and Mayfly Life Cycles

2.Two species of plants were sampled in 32 quadrats in a forest. The mean and variance for the occurrence of species 1 were 16.2 and 48 and species 2 were 3.6 and 3.2 respectively. Which of the following statements about the distribution of the two species in these quadrats is supported by these findings? (1) Both species are distributed randomly. (2) Species 1 is distributed randomly and species 2 is clustered. (3) Species 1 is clustered and species 2 is distributed randomly. (4) Both species are clustered.

Plant Species Distribution Patterns: Interpreting Mean & Variance in Ecological Sampling

The following table shows the mean and variance of population densities of species A, B and C. Based on the above, which of the following statements is correct? (1) Species A and B show uniform distribution, whereas species C shows clumped distribution. (2) Species A shows random distribution, species B shows uniform distribution, and species C shows clumped distribution. (3) Species A and B show clumped distribution, whereas species C shows uniform distribution. (4) Species A shows clumped distribution, species B shows random distribution, and species C shows uniform distribution.

Understanding Population Density and Distribution Patterns in Ecology

1. In chaparrals rainfall occurs in- (1) Whole year (2) Summer (3) Winters (4) Spring-Autumn

Chaparral Biome: Climate, Plants, Wildlife, and Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

19. In E. coli, though DNA polymerase I (POI l) plays an essential role in the replication process, it is not the major polymerase. Instead, the enzyme responsible for advancement of replication fork is POI Ill. From the four structures (A, B, C and D) given below, students made several interpretations about the shorter arm beingextended by POI I and/or POI III. Which one of the interpretation written below is correct? (1) A will be extended by POI Ill but not by Pol I. (2) Neither B nor C will be extended by either POl I or Pol III. (3) C will be extended by both Pol I and POl III. (4) D will be extended only by POl I, but not by POI III.

 Roles of DNA Polymerase I and DNA Polymerase III in Extending DNA Structures During E. coli Replication

Which enzyme is involved in direct repair mechanismagainst ultraviolet-induced DNA damage? (1) RNA polymerase                  (2) Uvr ABC (3) Restriction endonuclease     (4) Photolyase

Photolyase: The Key Enzyme in Direct Repair of Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage

Some cells possess peptides which contain D-form of amino acids. How do they arise? (1) These peptides are produced by ribosomes by incorporating D- amino acids at specific positions. (2) Ribosome makes peptides with L-amino acids only. However, some of the amino acids in the peptides are replaced by D- amino acids by a pathway that involves excision of the l-amino acids. (3) The peptides with the D-amino acids are produced in a ribosome- independent manner. (4) Peptides with D-amino acids exist only in archaea where they are made by the presence Of racemases write a seo freindly artical with appropriate slug and title meta description

How Do Peptides with D-Amino Acids Arise in Cells? Mechanism and Biological Significance

Which of the following is NOT a post-translational modification in a mammalian system? (1) palmitoylation (2) glycosylation (3) peptidylation (4) phosphorylation 

Understanding Post-Translational Modifications in Mammalian Systems: Palmitoylation, Glycosylation, Phosphorylation, and Peptidylation

The genetic code has 61 codons for amino acids and termination codons. How protein synthesis is terminated? (1) There are specific tRNAs for stop codons (2) Release factors mediate termination (3) Guide RNAs signal termination (4) Termination codons bind EF-G  

How Is Protein Synthesis Terminated? Understanding the Role of Stop Codons and Release Factors in Translation

presence of Circular mRNAs a specific protein in an eukaryotic cell reflects a rapid rate of synthesis Of that protein. following mechanisms are suggested: A) Eif-4G and PABP promote this process through 5’-3’ interaction of mRNA. B) ribosomes are less active in recognizing circular mRNA. C) PABP and promote this process. D) ribosomes can reinitiate translation without being disassembled. Which of the following is correct? (1) A and D     (2) B and D (3) A and C      (4) B and C

Circular mRNA and Protein Synthesis: Mechanisms Behind Rapid Translation in Eukaryotic Cells

An intron in a yeast reporter gene carries a mutation in the splice site branch point (UACUAAC to UACA*AAC). To suppress the mutation, a library of point mutants of snRNAs was introduced into the mutant strain. The suppressor is most likely to have a point mutation in: (1) U1snRNA      (2) U2 snRNA (3) RNaseP(4) U6 snRNA

Role of U2 snRNA in Splicing and Branch Point Recognition

Which one of the following statements about TATA Binding Protein (TBP) is NOT true? (1) It is a component of transcription factor TFIID. (2) TBP recognizes the TATA element by inserting one of its α-helices into the major groove of DNA. (3) The TBP-DNA interaction causes the DNA to bend. (4) The TBP-DNA interaction is governed in part by the intercalation of the side chains of phenylalanine residues of TBP between the base pairs at the two ends of the TATA element sequence.

TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Component of transcription factor TFIID

Promoters for RNA Polymerase III: Location and Function

Promoters for RNA Polymerase III: Location and Function

Prepare Smarter with Let’s Talk Academy, Topic-wise PYQs on Transcription and RNA synthesis, Video solutions by expert faculty

If DNA Has the Sequence 5’-ATGCTCA-3’, What Will Be the mRNA Sequence?

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HPSC Assistant Professor Zoology Subjective Test Preparation by Lets Talk Academy

HPSC Assistant Professor Botany Subjective Test Preparation by Lets Talk Academy

HPSC Assistant Professor Botany Subjective Test Preparation by Lets Talk Academy

Cell Division Cycle Regulation | Role of Cyclins

Cell Division Cycle Regulation | Role of Cyclins

Major CDKs and Their Cyclin Partners

Cell Division Cycle Regulation | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDKs)

Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis (Mitochondrial Pathway)

Apoptotic Pathway | Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis | Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis

If you dream of becoming an HPSC Assistant Professor in Botany, there’s no better place than Let's Talk Academy to start your journey.

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (ARS)-NET SUBJECT MATTER SPECIALIST (SMS) & SENIOR TECHNICAL OFFICER (STO)EXAMINATION – 2025 

What Is Erythroblastosis Fetalis? Understanding Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Alpha fold is an artificial intelligence based method for 1. Prediction of protein functions based on folding 2. Perform de-novo protein folding 3. Perform protein folding based on a model trained on existing protein structures 4. Perform protein folding for alpha helices

AlphaFold: AI-Based Protein Folding Prediction

Understanding Energy Components in Molecular Mechanics Forcefields for Protein Structures

Interpreting Multiple Sequence Alignments: Understanding Regions of Insertions and Deletions

Which one of the following DOES NOT represent known interactions of RNA secondary structural elements? A. Pseudo knot B. Kissing hairpins C. Hairpin-bulge contact D. Helix-turn-helix

Understanding RNA Secondary Structural Elements and Their Interactions

Title: Understanding Sensitivity and Specificity in Homologous Database Searches

RNA-Induced Gene Silencing in Plants: The Role of DNA Methylation

Engineering Virus Resistance in Plants: Why Coat Protein Is the Key Target

Mosaic Pattern of Sweat Gland Development in Females with X-Linked Anhidrotic Dysplasia

Bromodomain Proteins and Their Recognition of Acetylated Proteins: A Key Mechanism in Post-Translational Modification

What Gene Mutation Causes the Nude Mouse Phenotype? Exploring Foxn1 and Its Role in Immunodeficiency

The fragments obtained from a Sanger sequencing experiment are as follows: 5´ – GAATTA – 3´ 5´ – GAATTAT – 3´ 5´ – GAATTATC – 3´ 5´ – GAATTATCA – 3´ 5´ – GAATTATCAC – 3

Identifying the Template Sequence from Sanger Sequencing Fragments

Understanding the Role of the AIRE Gene in Autoimmune Disorders and Thymocyte Selection

How Long Does It Take for 100 mg of 14C to Completely Disintegrate

What is the Range of the Correlation Coefficient? A Guide to Understanding Correlation in Statistics

Which Component is Not Directly Involved in the Citric Acid Cycle? Unveiling the Role of Oxygen, NAD+, FAD, and Succinate

How to Calculate Distance When Speed and Acceleration Are Known – Physics Kinematics Solved

How Speed Affects Travel Time: Student Running Problem Solved with Logic

How to Calculate the Specific Growth Rate of Organisms Using Monod Growth Model

Timing in the Cell Cycle for the Primary Cilia Biogenesis

Understanding Primary Cilia Biogenesis: Key Insights and Timing in the Cell Cycle

How Statins Inhibit Cholesterol Biosynthesis: A Detailed Explanation

How to Calculate Volume by Rotating a Line Around the Y-Axis

If 8% of x = 4% of y, then 20% of x is? A. 10% of y B. 16% of y C. 80% of y D. 40% of y

Percentage Puzzle: If 8% of x = 4% of y, Then What Is 20% of x?

RPSC College Lectureship Botany Zoology Interview Preparation

Technique for Determining Temporal Gene Expression

Technique for Determining Temporal Gene Expression

Interpreting Hemoglobin Electrophoresis and Western Blot Results for Sickle Cell Disease

Interpreting Hemoglobin Electrophoresis and Western Blot Results

Electrophoresis of a purified protein in SDS-PAGE in the presence of b-marcaptoethanol yields two bands

Electrophoresis of a purified protein in SDS-PAGE in the presence of b-marcaptoethanol yields two bands

separated the two proteins from the mixture in which one is monomeric Reducing SDS-PAGE

Separated the two proteins from the mixture one is monomeric

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