Option-wise explanation

(1) Jatropha curcas – correct

• Seeds contain 30–40% oil that can be transesterified to high‑quality biodiesel.​

• Non‑edible, drought‑tolerant, grows on marginal land; therefore promoted globally and in India as a standard biodiesel crop.​

• Matches the exam’s intent: “Biodiesel can be obtained from” → classical answer Jatropha curcas.

(2) Calotropis gigantea

• Indian milkweed; its seed oil has been evaluated as a potential biodiesel feedstock and can be converted to fatty acid methyl esters meeting fuel standards.​

• However, it is mainly cited as an experimental/alternative source, not the textbook primary biodiesel plant tested in basic MCQs.

(3) Prosopis juliflora

• Invasive shrub; biomass and seed oil can be used either as feedstock or catalyst support in biodiesel systems, and biodiesel from its oil has been studied.​

• Again, more of a research/alternative feedstock, not the classic named biodiesel crop like Jatropha.

(4) Catharanthus roseus

• Known primarily as a medicinal plant producing anti‑cancer alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine).

• Its seed oil has been experimentally converted to biodiesel, but this is not its recognized agricultural use and it is not a standard biodiesel crop in exam context.​

Conclusion for the MCQ: While several non‑edible plants can yield biodiesel experimentally, the well‑established and exam‑relevant biodiesel plant is Jatropha curcas, so option (1) is correct.