11. Gibberllin treatment to grape plants leads to
(1) Fruit ripening                (2) Seedless fruit
(3) Cell division                   (4) Leaf fall

Correct answer: (2) Seedless fruit

Why gibberellin leads to seedless grapes

In grapes, external application of gibberellins (usually GA₃) around flowering induces parthenocarpy, i.e., fruit set and development without normal fertilization and seed formation. This treatment is widely used in table-grape production to obtain larger, attractive seedless berries and looser clusters for better quality.

Explanation of each option

(1) Fruit ripening

Gibberellins mainly promote fruit set and growth (cell division and elongation), not the final ripening phase, which is more strongly controlled by ethylene and other signals. GA applications can sometimes delay or modify ripening rather than simply “cause ripening,” so this option is not the best answer.

(2) Seedless fruit – Correct

Spraying GA around bloom or shortly before/after flowering can:

• Stimulate ovary growth without fertilization (parthenocarpy).

• Inhibit normal seed development, giving commercially important seedless grape varieties with bigger berries.

Hence, “seedless fruit” directly matches the classic horticultural use of gibberellins in grapes.

(3) Cell division

Gibberellins do enhance both cell division and cell elongation, but this effect is general and not specific to grapes; the question asks for what GA treatment “leads to” in grape plants as a horticultural outcome. The hallmark practical outcome is seedless berries, not just generic cell division.

(4) Leaf fall

Leaf abscission is mainly promoted by ethylene (and influenced by ABA), while gibberellins often delay senescence and do not trigger leaf fall in grapes. So this option is incorrect.