Which of the following statements are true regarding southern blotting
(a) Developed by E. M. Southern
(b) DNA-DNA hybridization is the basis
(c) The transfer of DNA fragments from gel to nitrocellulose membrane is called blotting
(d) All of these
Southern Blotting: Understanding the True Statements and Process
The correct answer is (d) All of these.
What is Southern Blotting?
Southern blotting is a widely used molecular biology technique developed by E. M. Southern in 1975. It is used to detect specific DNA sequences in a complex mixture of DNA fragments. The technique is based on DNA-DNA hybridization, where a labeled probe binds to a complementary target sequence, allowing precise identification of the DNA fragment of interest.
Southern blotting for DNA detection is an essential tool in genetic research, forensic analysis, and medical diagnostics. This method allows researchers to study gene structure, mutations, and gene mapping with high specificity and accuracy.
True Statements About Southern Blotting
1. Developed by E. M. Southern
The technique was invented by Edwin M. Southern in 1975. He designed this method to identify specific DNA sequences among a mixture of DNA fragments. Southern blotting is named after him, and it laid the foundation for similar techniques like Northern blotting (for RNA) and Western blotting (for proteins).
2. DNA-DNA Hybridization is the Basis
Southern blotting relies on the principle of DNA-DNA hybridization.
- A single-stranded DNA probe labeled with a radioactive, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent marker is introduced to the membrane.
- The probe hybridizes with its complementary DNA sequence in the sample.
- This hybridization allows for the specific detection of the target DNA sequence.
3. Transfer of DNA Fragments from Gel to Nitrocellulose Membrane is Called Blotting
The DNA fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis are transferred onto a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane in a process called blotting.
- This step is essential to immobilize the DNA fragments, making them accessible for hybridization with the labeled probe.
- The transfer ensures that the DNA remains in the same pattern as in the gel.
✅ Correct Answer: (d) All of These
All the statements about Southern blotting are accurate. The technique was developed by E. M. Southern, is based on DNA-DNA hybridization, and involves the transfer of DNA fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane.
Steps of Southern Blotting for DNA Identification
1. DNA Extraction and Digestion
- The DNA is extracted from cells or tissues.
- It is then cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes.
2. Gel Electrophoresis
- The DNA fragments are separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis.
- Smaller fragments migrate faster through the gel matrix.
3. Transfer (Blotting)
- The separated DNA fragments are transferred to a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane.
- This step is called blotting and immobilizes the DNA for hybridization.
4. Hybridization with a Labeled Probe
- A single-stranded labeled probe is introduced.
- The probe binds specifically to its complementary DNA sequence.
5. Detection
- Unbound probes are washed away.
- The hybridized DNA-probe complex is detected using autoradiography or fluorescence imaging.
Applications of Southern Blotting
✔ Gene Mapping – Helps identify gene locations on chromosomes.
✔ Genetic Fingerprinting – Used in forensic analysis.
✔ Mutation Analysis – Identifies genetic mutations in disease research.
✔ Identification of Pathogens – Detects viral or bacterial DNA.
✔ Cancer Research – Studies oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Why Southern Blotting is Important for DNA Detection
Southern blotting remains a cornerstone technique in molecular biology due to its high specificity and ability to analyze complex DNA samples. It is still widely used for:
- Diagnosing genetic diseases
- Studying gene expression patterns
- Analyzing DNA modifications
78 Comments
Arushi
April 9, 2025👍✔️
Mahima Sharma
August 24, 2025All answer is right it is dna rna hybridizatio the transfer of dna fragment on nitrocelllulose paper
Khushi Vaishnav
August 19, 2025All the about statements are true.
Divya rani
August 20, 2025Yes all options are correct because southern blotting is a dna specific technique and a dna dna hybrid is formed and gel electrophoresis is performed before transfer of bands on membrane and the scientist who gave this technique was E.M southern.
Neelam Sharma
August 19, 2025All of these
Aakansha Sharma
August 20, 2025All of these
Santosh Saini
August 20, 2025All options are correct bcz this tech. Developed by E. M. Southern, DNA – DNA hybridization basis , the transfer of DNA fragments from gel to nitrocellulose memb.
Aartii
August 20, 2025All of these are correct
Nilofar Khan
August 20, 2025All of these
Asha Gurzzar
August 20, 2025All of these
Dipti Sharma
August 20, 2025All of These are correct regarding southern blotting.
Anurag Giri
August 20, 2025All of these
Priya dhakad
August 20, 2025All of these
Priya dhakad
August 20, 2025All of these is correct option
Developed by E. M. Southern
(b) DNA-DNA hybridization
(c) The transfer of DNA fragments from gel to nitrocellulose membrane is called blotting
anjani sharma
August 20, 2025All of them are correct for southern blotting
Dharmpal Swami
August 20, 2025All of these statements are write
Mansukh Kapoor
August 20, 2025The correct answer is option 4th
Kavita choudhary
August 20, 2025All of these
Pooja Sharma
August 22, 2025ALL OF THESE
Khushi Singh
August 20, 2025All of these
Priti khandal
August 20, 2025all of these
Komal Pareek
August 20, 2025All are true
Deepika Sheoran
August 21, 2025Option d is correct
All of these
Meenakshi Choudhary
August 21, 2025All of these
Mohd juber Ali
August 21, 2025All of these right
Payal Gaur
August 21, 2025All of these
Neha
August 21, 2025All of these
Meera Gurjar
August 21, 2025All of these
Sakshi yadav
August 21, 2025All of these
Sheikh Aleen
August 21, 2025All of these
Ankita Pareek
August 21, 2025All The option regarding southern blotting are correct like developed by E.M southern, based on dna DNA hybridization, transfer dna on nitrocellulose membrane
Bharti Yadav
August 21, 2025Southern blotting is used to detect specific dna sequence.and Developed by E. M. Southern, DNA-DNA hybrid probe are used,and dna fragment are transferred on nitrocellulose membrane.
Bhawna Choudhary
August 21, 2025All of these is correct answer
Aafreen Khan
August 22, 2025All options are true regarding Southern Blotting
shruti sharma
August 22, 2025OPTION D
Aman Choudhary
August 22, 2025All options are true
Simran Saini
August 22, 2025All of these.
Mitali saini
August 22, 2025Correct Answer: (d) All of These
All the statements about Southern blotting are accurate. The technique was developed by E. M. Southern, is based on DNA-DNA hybridization, and involves the transfer of DNA fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane.
Sakshi
August 22, 2025All of these is correct
Southern blotting is given by E.M southern ,it is dna-rna hybridization,in this dna bands are transfer from gel to nitrocellulose membrane called blotting
Kirti agarwal
August 22, 2025All of these
Avni
August 22, 2025The correct answer is (d) All of these
Soniya Shekhawat
August 23, 2025All of these.
Priyanka Choudhary
August 23, 2025D is the right answer ,
1-Developed by E. M. Southern
2-DNA-DNA hybridization is the basis
3- The transfer of DNA fragments from gel to nitrocellulose membrane is called blotting
4-All of these
Niti Tanwar
August 23, 2025Correct answer is (d) all of these
Kajal
August 23, 2025Option d all of these is correct as all the mentioned options are applications of Southern blotting…
Akshita Jangid
August 23, 2025All of these are correct
Divya Mandhania
August 23, 2025All of these option are correct
Sakshi Kanwar
August 23, 2025Developed by E.M Southern , and use DNA probe for hybridization and and use gel electrophoresis content to transfer into membrane ……all of these option D
Yogita
August 24, 2025All of these
Divya Mandhania
August 24, 2025Yes all options are correct because southern blotting is a dna specific technique and a dna dna hybrid is formed and gel electrophoresis is performed before transfer of bands on membrane and the scientist who gave this technique was E.M southern. So option D is correct.
Shobha Sharma
August 24, 2025The correct answer is d
Alec
August 24, 2025All of these is the right ans.
Arushi Saini
August 24, 2025All the options are correct
Sneha Kumawat
August 24, 2025Developed by em Sourthern
Dna dna Hybridization
Transfer of DNA fregment from gel to niyrocellouse membrane is called bloating
Himanshi
August 24, 2025All of these
AKANKSHA RAJPUT
August 24, 2025ALL OF THESE
Shivani
August 24, 2025All of these statements are correct .
Neeraj Sharma
August 24, 2025All the options are correct hence option d
Anisha Beniwal
August 24, 2025Option D all of these
Devika
August 24, 2025All of these
Ayush Dubey
August 24, 2025All of these
Sonam Saini
August 24, 2025All option is right
Swati Choudhary
August 24, 2025all the options are correct.
Falguni Prakash
August 24, 2025All option Sahi
Ajay Sharma
August 25, 2025based on dnd dna hybridization , developed by em southern , we transfer dna frags from gel to nc membrane
Kashish yadav
August 25, 2025Option d
Kajal
August 25, 2025All of these
Developed by E.M southern
Dna : dna hybrid
We transfer the dna from gel to NC membrane
Bhavana kankhedia
August 26, 2025all of these
Muskan Yadav
August 26, 2025All of these
Anju
August 26, 2025Ans: all of the above
Kanica Sunwalka
August 28, 2025All of these
Komal Sharma
August 28, 2025All the statements about Southern blotting are accurate. The technique was developed by E. M. Southern, is based on DNA-DNA hybridization, and involves the transfer of DNA fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane.
Anjali
August 30, 2025All of these
Pratibha Jain
August 30, 2025Correct Answer is option (d)
All of These
All the statements about Southern blotting are accurate. The technique was developed by E. M. Southern, is based on DNA-DNA hybridization, and involves the transfer of DNA fragments to a nitrocellulose membrane.
Anisha jakhar
August 31, 2025Option d
Saniya Jangid
August 31, 2025👍
Shobha Kanwar
August 31, 2025All options are correct bcz this tech. Developed by E. M. Southern, DNA – DNA hybridization basis , the transfer of DNA fragments from gel to nitrocellulose memb
Divyanshi Vaishnav
September 1, 2025Option d all of these are correct because southern blotting is invented by E.M southern and based on dna hybridization and transfer the DNA fragment to nitocellulose memberne.