151. The ion transport that will be the most affected following mutation in Cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is:
(1) Sodium
(2) Potassium
(3) Chloride
(4) Calcium

Detailed Explanation:

Question:
The ion transport that will be the most affected following a mutation in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is:

1. Sodium

2. Potassium

3. Chloride

4. Calcium

Answer:

The correct answer is (3) Chloride.

Explanation:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR is a channel protein primarily involved in the transport of chloride ions across epithelial membranes in various tissues, including the lungs, pancreas, and intestines.

Under normal conditions, the CFTR protein regulates the movement of chloride ions and, in turn, controls the movement of sodium and water. This maintains a balance of fluid in cells, keeping mucus thin and free-flowing.

When the CFTR gene is mutated, the CFTR protein fails to function properly or is absent altogether. This impairs chloride ion transport, leading to thick, sticky mucus buildup in various organs, particularly in the lungs, causing the characteristic symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

In CF patients, chloride transport is severely disrupted, which also affects sodium and water movement. This results in thick mucus, which can obstruct airways and lead to chronic respiratory infections, digestive issues, and other complications.

Conclusion:

The CFTR gene mutation most directly affects chloride ion transport in the body. While sodium, potassium, and calcium ion transport may also be indirectly impacted, chloride transport is the primary process affected in cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer Recap:

(3) Chloride is the ion transport most significantly impacted by mutations in the CFTR gene.