108. Which is the most common side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics?
1. Allergic reaction
2. Yellowing of teeth
3. Headache
4. Hearing loss

Question:

Which is the most common side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics?

1. Allergic reaction

2. Yellowing of teeth

3. Headache

4. Hearing loss

Correct Answer:

1. Allergic reaction

Explanation:

Beta-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. While these drugs are highly effective in treating bacterial infections, they can also cause side effects.

Here’s a breakdown of each option:

1. Allergic reaction:
   The most common side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics is an allergic reaction. This can range from mild symptoms, such as rash and fever, to severe reactions like anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition. Allergies to beta-lactams are particularly common with penicillins. Individuals with a known penicillin allergy should avoid certain beta-lactam antibiotics.

2. Yellowing of teeth:
   Yellowing of teeth is not a typical side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics. This issue is more commonly associated with antibiotics like tetracyclines, which can cause dental discoloration, particularly in children whose teeth are still developing.

3. Headache:
   While headache can be a side effect of many medications, it is not the most common or characteristic side effect associated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Other antibiotics, such as those affecting the central nervous system, are more likely to cause headaches.

4. Hearing loss:
   Hearing loss is a rare side effect and is more commonly associated with drugs like aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) rather than beta-lactam antibiotics. Beta-lactams do not typically cause auditory issues, though they can sometimes affect kidney function at high doses.

Conclusion:

The most common side effect of beta-lactam antibiotics is an allergic reaction, which can range from mild skin reactions to more serious conditions like anaphylaxis. It’s important for patients to inform healthcare providers about any previous allergic reactions to antibiotics, especially penicillins, before starting treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics.

Correct Answer: 1. Allergic reaction