MORPHOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS IN AMINALS

9.            MORPHOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS IN AMINALS

Morphogenesis is one of the fundamental biological processes that promote an organism to develop its shape along with the control of cell growth and cellular differentiation. This process controls the embryonic development of an organism and describes the evolution of a body structure within a taxonomic group. The process may be induced in organisms by hormones,  environmental cues like toxic chemicals or radionuclides released as pollutants and mechanical stresses induced by spatial patterning of the cells.

Organogenesis is the series of organized integrated processes by which the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism or in general, it is the process of development of an organism from foetus to the embryo.

Germ Layer        Product

Endoderm           Gastrointestinal tract

Endoderm           Respiratory tract

Endoderm          Endocrine glands and organs

                            (liver and pancreas)

Mesoderm         Bones

Mesoderm        Most of the Circulatory system

Mesoderm         Connective tissues of the gut

                           and dermis layer of skin

Mesoderm         Excretory Tract

Mesoderm         Mesenchyme

Mesoderm         Muscles

Mesoderm         Peritoneum

Mesoderm         Reproductive System

Mesoderm         Urinary System

Ectoderm            Nervous system

Ectoderm         Part of integument (Epidermis)