Principle of real-time PCR

Principle of Real-Time PCR

The principle which real time PCR is based on;
(a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA
(b) Analyzing the PCR product at a predetermined time
(c) Reverse transcription
(d) None of the above

 

The correct answer is (a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.


Correct Answer: (a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA


Explanation

Real-Time PCR (qPCR) is a technique used to:
✔️ Amplify a specific DNA sequence
✔️ Simultaneously quantify the DNA concentration during the amplification process


Principle of Real-Time PCR

  1. Amplification:

    • The target DNA sequence is amplified using a thermostable DNA polymerase, primers, and a fluorescence-based detection system.
    • The process follows the standard PCR cycle:
      • Denaturation (94–98°C) – Separation of DNA strands
      • Annealing (50–65°C) – Binding of primers to target DNA
      • Extension (72°C) – DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strand
  2. Quantification:

    • Fluorescent dyes (e.g., SYBR Green) or probe-based systems (e.g., TaqMan) bind to the amplified DNA.
    • The fluorescence signal increases proportionally with the amount of amplified product.
    • The intensity of fluorescence is measured at the end of each cycle, allowing real-time quantification of DNA.
  3. Threshold Cycle (Ct):

    • The Ct value represents the PCR cycle at which the fluorescence signal crosses a predetermined threshold.
    • Lower Ct values indicate a higher starting concentration of target DNA.

Types of Real-Time PCR

Type Description Example
SYBR Green-based qPCR Fluorescent dye binds to double-stranded DNA Gene expression analysis
TaqMan Probe-based qPCR Probe with reporter and quencher emits signal upon cleavage Pathogen detection
Molecular Beacon qPCR Hairpin probe emits signal when hybridized to target SNP analysis

Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option Explanation Correct/Incorrect
(a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA Real-time PCR is based on real-time monitoring of amplification. ✅ Correct
(b) Analyzing the PCR product at a predetermined time Standard PCR requires post-amplification analysis (e.g., gel electrophoresis), not real-time monitoring. ❌ Incorrect
(c) Reverse transcription Reverse transcription is part of RT-qPCR (Real-Time PCR using RNA as a template), but not the principle of qPCR itself. ❌ Incorrect
(d) None of the above qPCR is based on simultaneous amplification and quantification, making this option incorrect. ❌ Incorrect

Advantages of Real-Time PCR

High Sensitivity: Detects even low levels of DNA.
Quantitative Analysis: Measures DNA concentration in real-time.
Speed: Faster than traditional PCR; no need for post-PCR analysis.
Reproducibility: High precision and accuracy.


Challenges of Real-Time PCR

Primer-Dimer Formation: Can lead to false signals.
Probe Design: Poorly designed probes reduce specificity.
Inhibition by Contaminants: PCR inhibitors in samples can affect accuracy.


Applications of Real-Time PCR

1. Gene Expression Analysis

  • Measurement of mRNA levels using RT-qPCR.

2. Pathogen Detection

  • Rapid diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections (e.g., COVID-19, influenza).

3. Genotyping

  • Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

4. Cancer Diagnostics

  • Detection of oncogenes and tumor markers.

Example of qPCR Output

  • Ct value = 18 → High initial concentration of target DNA.
  • Ct value = 35 → Low initial concentration of target DNA.

Summary

  • Real-time PCR works by amplifying and simultaneously quantifying DNA.
  • Fluorescence-based detection allows real-time monitoring of amplification.
  • Lower Ct values indicate higher initial target DNA concentrations.
88 Comments
  • Rohit Meena
    March 16, 2025

    Yes 💯

  • Lokesh kumawat
    March 16, 2025

    Done

  • Akshay mahawar
    March 17, 2025

    Done 👍

  • Suman bhakar
    March 17, 2025

    Ok sir

  • Anmol
    March 17, 2025

    Got it

    • anjani sharma
      August 24, 2025

      Answer a
      Real-time PCR works by amplifying and quantifying DNA.

  • Parul
    March 23, 2025

    Done sir

  • Ujjwal
    March 24, 2025

    Done sir

  • Anita Choudhary
    April 19, 2025

    Done👍

  • Diksha Chhipa
    August 23, 2025

    After 2-3 round we can detect pcr product amplification

  • Khushi Pareek
    August 23, 2025

    We can amplify and quantify target DNA simultaneously using Q- PCR( SYBR GREEN, TaqMann)

  • Roopal Sharma
    August 24, 2025

    We can do amplification of dna and quantify the dna with real time PCR by using SYBR green and Taqmann

  • Neha Yadav
    August 24, 2025

    Principle which real time PCR based on : Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA ( syber green and taqman probe )

  • Neha Yadav
    August 24, 2025

    Principle in which real time PCR based : Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA ( SYBR green and taqman probe )

  • Soniya Shekhawat
    August 24, 2025

    The real time PCR is based on the amplification and simultaneously quantify the target DNA by using the taqman and SYBR probe.

  • Mohd juber Ali
    August 24, 2025

    Option (a)

    Real time PCR based on Amplifying and simultaneously quantify target dna

  • Anurag Giri
    August 24, 2025

    Ans a
    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Priya dhakad
    August 24, 2025

    The real time PCR is based on amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA by SYBR green and taqman probe. So option A is correct

  • HIMANI FAUJDAR
    August 24, 2025

    Ans option (a) is correct because Real-time PCR is based on real-time monitoring of amplification

  • Aafreen Khan
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA with real-time PCR by using SYBE Green Dye and taq man

  • Sakshi yadav
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA by help of SYBR and Taq man dye

  • Avni
    August 24, 2025

    Correct Answer: (a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Arushi Saini
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Mansukh Kapoor
    August 24, 2025

    The correct answer is option 1st
    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA with the help of dye SYBR green and taqman probe

  • karishma don
    August 24, 2025

    The real time PCR is based on the amplification and simultaneously quantify the target dna by using the taqman probe and SYBBR green.

  • Khushi Agarwal
    August 24, 2025

    Option a is correct
    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Surbhi Rajawat
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR is used to monitor the process of PCR while it is still ongoing. In order to save time and effort in post gel detection

  • Aakanksha Sharma
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying & simultaneously quantifying a target dna

  • Dharmpal Swami
    August 24, 2025

    Rt-PCR is used to monitor the process of PCR

  • Yashika Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    Amplify and simultaneous quantify a product TV for rt pcr

  • Niti Tanwar
    August 24, 2025

    Option a is right
    Amplifying and simultaneously quantify a target dna

  • Aman Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    Option A is correct
    Real time PCR based on Amplifying and simultaneously quantify target dna

  • Payal Gaur
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR is based on simultaneously and amplifying quantity of DNA

  • Karishma
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifiering and simultaneously quantity of dna

  • Dipti Sharma
    August 24, 2025

    PCR works by Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Karishma
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifiering and simultaneously quantity of dna in real pcr

  • Santosh Saini
    August 24, 2025

    Real Time PCR is based on amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA by using SYBR(non specific )and Taq man probe( specifically)

  • Priyanka Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    Right answer is option A ,Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA works by pcr

  • Sneha Kumawat
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR is technique used to
    Amplify a specific DNA sequence
    Simultaneously quantify the DNA concentration during the amplification process

  • Divya rani
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR is based on the real time or during the amplification of DNA or simultaneously to the amplification process.

  • AKANKSHA RAJPUT
    August 24, 2025

    After 2-3 round we can detect pcr product amplification

  • Heena Mahlawat
    August 24, 2025

    By using taqman probe, we can measure the pcr amplification products

  • Tanvi Panwar
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying target DNA.

  • MOHIT AKHAND
    August 24, 2025

    Done sir ✅

  • Neelam Sharma
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR based upon
    Amplify a specific DNA sequence Simultaneously quantify the DNA

  • Ayush Dubey
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Sakshi Kanwar
    August 24, 2025

    In real time PCR amplifixation of a specific DNA sequence and simultaneously quantify the DNA also known as quantitative PCR

  • Simran Saini
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Bhawna Choudhary
    August 24, 2025

    Real time PCR based on amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target dna

  • Monika jangid
    August 24, 2025

    A is correct option real tym pcr based on amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target dna

  • Priyanka Verma
    August 24, 2025

    The correct option is A
    Real-time PCR works on the principle of amplifying and simultaneously quantifying DNA.

  • Bharti Yadav
    August 24, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Falguni Prakash
    August 24, 2025

    A option

  • Varsha Tatla
    August 24, 2025

    Got it 👍🏿

  • Minal Sethi
    August 24, 2025

    In real-time PCR the target DNA is amplified and quantified during the PCR cycle
    Option A

  • shruti sharma
    August 25, 2025

    Amplify and simultaneously qualification a target dna

  • Priti khandal
    August 25, 2025

    Amplifiying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Mitali saini
    August 25, 2025

    The correct answer is (a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Anjana sharma
    August 25, 2025

    Option a is correct detection of amplification during pcr is done by real time pcr

  • Vanshika Sharma
    August 25, 2025

    Correct answer is a

  • Surendra Doodi
    August 25, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA
    1.SYBR
    2.Taq. man
    3. Molecular beacon

  • Bhavana kankhedia
    August 26, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Nilofar Khan
    August 26, 2025

    Correct answer is a
    1.Amplify a specific DNA sequence
    2.Simultaneously quantify the DNA

  • Manisha
    August 26, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA
    Real-time PCR is based on real-time monitoring of amplification.

  • Devika
    August 26, 2025

    Option A..Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target dna
    Best Institute for CSIR NET Life Science Coaching – Let’s Talk Academy”

  • Rishita
    August 26, 2025

    Opt. A

  • Alec
    August 26, 2025

    Principle of pcr is applying and simultaneously quantifying the target dna.

  • Pallavi Ghangas
    August 26, 2025

    Real time PCR amplify and simultaneously quantify the target DNA

  • Mohini
    August 27, 2025

    Option A is correct. Real-time PCR is based on amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Kanica Sunwalka
    August 28, 2025

    done

  • Kajal
    August 28, 2025

    Option a is correct as real time PCR based on amplification or Quantification of the target dna

  • Komal Sharma
    August 28, 2025

    Principle of real time PCR is amplifying and simultaneously quantifying your target DNA

  • Muskan singodiya
    August 28, 2025

    Option a
    Amplify and quantifiy of the target dna (rt_pcr)

  • Deepika sheoran
    August 28, 2025

    Option A is correct
    Amplifying & Simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Anisha Beniwal
    August 28, 2025

    Option A is correct

  • Neeraj Sharma
    August 28, 2025

    Option A amplifying and quantification the target DNA

  • Parul Yadav
    August 29, 2025

    The Principle of qPCR is to amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Asha Gurzzar
    August 30, 2025

    Realtime pcr means quantity a specific dna during amplification

  • Shobha sharma
    August 30, 2025

    Option A is right

  • Khushi Singh
    August 30, 2025

    Amplification and quantification of target sequence on dna

  • Sonam Saini
    August 30, 2025

    Amplification and stimulation quantify a target DNA

  • Alec
    August 30, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target Dna.

  • Kirti Agarwal
    August 31, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Kajal
    August 31, 2025

    Correct Answer is (a) Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA

  • Aartii sharma
    August 31, 2025

    (a) amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a a target DNA

  • Konika Naval
    August 31, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

  • Meenakshi Choudhary
    September 4, 2025

    Real-time PCR works by amplifying and simultaneously quantifying DNA.

  • Muskan Yadav
    September 5, 2025

    Amplifying and simultaneously quantifying a target DNA.

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